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The Law of Mercy Canon 1317 of the 1983 Code states: "Penalties
are to be established only insofar as they are truly necessary to
provide more suitably for ecclesiastical discipline." The comparable
canon in the 1917 Code is canon 2214, §2. In the classic commentary
on this canon by Bouscaren, Ellis, and Korth, the caution of the
Council of Trent is quoted:
"Bishops and other Ordinaries should
remember that they are shepherds and not slave-drivers, and that
they must so rule over their subjects as not to domineer over them
but to love them as sons and brothers; they should endeavor by exhortation
and admonition to deter them from wrong-doing lest they be obliged
to administer due punishment after faults have been committed. Yet
if through human frailty their subjects do wrong, they must observe
the precept of the Apostle, and reprove, correct, entreat, rebuke
them in all patience and doctrine; for sympathy is often more effective
for correction than severity, exhortation better than threats and
punishment, kindness better than insistence on authority. If in view
of the seriousness of a crime there be need for punishment, then
they must combine authority with leniency, judgment with mercy, severity
with moderation, to the end that discipline, so salutary and essential
to public order, be maintained without asperity, and that those who
have been punished may amend their ways, or, if they refuse to do
so, that others may be deterred from wrong-doing by the salutary
example of their punishment." (Council of Trent, Sess.
XIII, de. ref., cap. 1. Quoted in T. Lincoln Bouscaren, S.J.; Adam
C. Ellis, S.J.; and Francis N. Korth, S.J., Canon Law: A Text
and Commentary, Milwaukee: Bruce, Fourth Ed. (1966) 882-83).
This same sentiment is conveyed in canon 1341
(1983 Code) which states: "An ordinary is to take care to initiate
a judicial or administrative process to impose or declare penalties
only after he has ascertained that fraternal correction or rebuke
or other means of pastoral solicitude cannot sufficiently repair
the scandal, restore justice, reform the offender."
These established principals seem to be overlooked
in the "one-size-fits-all" approach of the Essential Norms.
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